Potty Training Your Puppy or Dog | Proven Step-by-Step Guide

by Will Bangura M.S., CAB-ICB, CBCC-KA, CPDT-KA, FFCP | Certified Dog Behaviorist and Trainer in Phoenix, AZ

Successful potty training in Phoenix AZ

Potty Training Your Puppy or Dog: The Ultimate Step-by-Step Guide for Success

Listen to The Podcast on House-Training101: Potty Training Unleashed

Potty training might be one of the most frustrating aspects of welcoming a new puppy—or even re-training an older dog. Let’s face it, no one enjoys stepping into a puddle in the middle of their living room or finding a surprise pile in the corner. But here’s the truth: with a bit of patience, a solid plan, and some insider tips, you can teach your dog where to do their business and make those unpleasant accidents a thing of the past.

If you’re ready to turn your home into a potty-accident-free zone, let’s dive into everything you need to know about potty training. Together, we’ll make the process as smooth and positive as possible—for both you and your furry friend.

Essential Tools for Potty Training

Before we jump into the nitty-gritty, let’s talk about the tools that will set you up for success. Think of these as your potty training arsenal—they’ll make the process not just manageable but effective.

First on the list is a potty training journal. I know, I know—you might be wondering why you need a journal to potty train a dog. But trust me, keeping track of your dog’s eating, drinking, and elimination habits will make a world of difference. You’ll start noticing patterns, like how long after eating your pup usually needs to poop or how soon after drinking they tend to pee. Armed with this data, you can anticipate their needs and get them outside before accidents happen.

Next, you’ll want high-value rewards. And I’m not talking about those dry biscuits that came free with your dog’s kibble. Use something irresistible, like small pieces of chicken, cheese, or even hot dogs. The better the reward, the more motivated your dog will be to repeat the behavior.

A crate is another essential tool. Crates are not just for keeping your dog safe—they’re a key part of the potty training process. The crate should be just big enough for your dog to stand up, turn around, and lie down comfortably. Too big, and your pup might decide one corner is the bathroom and another is the bedroom. And avoid putting anything absorbent, like towels or bedding, in the crate during training, as this can encourage accidents.

You’ll also need a 10-foot leash. Why so specific? A leash of this length gives your dog enough freedom to sniff and explore when you take them outside to their potty spot, but it still allows you to maintain control and keep them focused.

Lastly, don’t overlook the importance of proper cleanup tools. Dogs have incredible noses, and if your house smells even faintly like pee or poop, they’ll be drawn back to those spots. Use a product like SCOE 10X, an enzymatic cleaner that eliminates odors at the molecular level—because if you can still smell it, so can your dog. A blacklight is also a great tool for finding hidden accident spots, especially if you’ve had trouble catching your pup in the act.

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The Golden Rule: Supervise or Confine

If there’s one thing you take away from this guide, let it be this: your dog should either be in your sight or in their crate at all times during potty training. This rule is non-negotiable. Most accidents happen when we look away for just a second—maybe the phone rings, someone knocks on the door, or you’re trying to grab a snack from the kitchen. Those few moments are all it takes for your pup to find a spot and have an accident.

Supervision means keeping your dog within your line of sight at all times. If that sounds overwhelming, consider tethering them to you with a leash when you’re moving around the house. That way, they can’t sneak off to another room without you noticing.

When you can’t supervise, even for just a few moments, use the crate. And don’t feel bad about crating your dog—it’s a safe, secure space that helps them learn bladder and bowel control. Remember to always take your pup outside for a potty break before putting them in the crate, even if it’s just for a short time. This minimizes the chances of accidents and reinforces the habit of going outside. Therefore it is essential that your puppy or dog have crate training.

One important tip: if your pup has separation anxiety or isn’t used to the crate, take the time to crate-train them properly. The crate should be a positive place, not a punishment. You can find detailed crate training guides online or consult with a professional if needed.

Establishing a Routine

Dogs thrive on routines. Creating a consistent schedule for feeding, watering, and potty breaks not only makes potty training easier but also helps your dog feel secure. Start by feeding your dog at the same times every day. Put their food bowl down for five minutes, and then take it away—whether they’ve finished eating or not. This might feel a bit strict, but it’s a great way to regulate their digestion and make their elimination schedule more predictable.

Watering should also follow a schedule. During potty training, offer water at specific intervals rather than leaving it out all day. This isn’t permanent—once your dog is fully trained, you can go back to free access. But for now, controlling when they drink will help you track how long it takes for them to need a potty break afterward.

And here’s where that potty training journal comes into play. Write down the times your dog eats, drinks, pees, and poops. You’ll quickly start to see patterns. For example, you might notice that your puppy always needs to poop about 45 minutes after eating or that they typically need to pee within 20 minutes of drinking. Once you’ve identified these patterns, you can set alarms or reminders to take your dog outside at the right times.

Outdoor Training Strategies

Now that you’ve got your routine and tools in place, let’s talk about what to do when you take your dog outside. The key here is consistency. Always bring your puppy to the same spot for potty breaks. Dogs are creatures of habit, and having a designated area helps reinforce where they’re supposed to go.

When you take your dog outside, use a 10-foot leash to give them some freedom to explore while still maintaining control. Allow them to sniff around and find the perfect spot—this sniffing is part of their natural elimination process. But here’s the catch: if your dog isn’t sniffing and seems more interested in playing, chasing leaves, or watching birds, don’t start the clock. Potty time and playtime should be separate activities.

Give your dog five minutes of undistracted sniffing time. That’s usually enough for them to do their business. If they don’t go, don’t stay outside endlessly. Bring them back inside and immediately place them in their crate for 15 minutes. After that, try again. Repeat this process until they successfully eliminate outside. Yes, it might feel tedious, but it works—and it helps prevent accidents indoors.

When your dog does go, it’s time to celebrate! Bring out those high-value treats and praise them enthusiastically. Timing is critical here: reward them immediately after they finish, not while they’re in the middle of going. Rewarding mid-action can distract them and interrupt the process, leaving them with an incomplete bladder or bowel movement.

Handling Accidents

Accidents are inevitable during potty training, and how you handle them can make a huge difference. First and foremost, avoid punishment. Don’t yell, scold, or—heaven forbid—rub your dog’s nose in the mess. Not only is this ineffective, but it can also create anxiety and damage your relationship with your dog.

If you catch your puppy in the act, calmly interrupt them by clapping your hands or saying, “Oops!” in a neutral tone. Then, immediately take them outside to their potty spot. Give them the same five minutes of undistracted time to finish. If they go, reward them as usual.

After an accident, proper cleanup is essential. Dogs rely heavily on their sense of smell, and if an area smells like a bathroom to them, they’ll return to it. Use an enzymatic cleaner like SCOE 10X to break down the odor at a molecular level. Regular household cleaners might remove the smell for you, but your dog’s nose is far more sensitive and may still pick it up.

For the best results, use a blacklight to identify all accident spots. This might be eye-opening (and a little gross), but it’s worth it. Once you’ve cleaned all the spots, inspect your home nightly with the blacklight to catch any accidents you may have missed during the day. This nightly routine is temporary but invaluable during the potty training process.

Leveraging Data and Patterns

Let’s talk about why that potty training journal is such a game-changer. By tracking your dog’s eating, drinking, and potty habits, you’ll start to notice predictable patterns. For example, you might find that your puppy always needs to pee about 20 minutes after drinking water or poop 45 minutes after eating dinner.

Once you’ve identified these patterns, use them to set your dog up for success. For instance, if you know your puppy tends to poop an hour after eating, set a timer for 50 minutes after mealtime. This way, you can get them outside before an accident happens, giving you more opportunities to reward the right behavior.

Data isn’t just useful for predicting potty needs—it can also help you troubleshoot issues. If your dog consistently has accidents shortly after coming back inside, it might mean they aren’t fully emptying their bladder or bowels in one trip. In that case, try extending their outdoor time or taking them out again a few minutes after their first potty.

Positive Reinforcement and Timing

One of the most important aspects of potty training is positive reinforcement. Dogs learn best when training is fun and stress-free, so make sure you’re focusing on rewarding the behaviors you want to see more of, rather than punishing mistakes.

The timing of your rewards is crucial. Dogs live in the moment, so they need to understand exactly what they’re being rewarded for. You have about 1–2 seconds to deliver the reward after your dog completes the desired behavior. Any longer, and they may not make the connection.

To make things easier, consider using a clicker or a verbal marker like “Yes!” to signal to your dog that they’ve done the right thing. For example, if your puppy pees in the designated potty spot, you can click the moment they finish and then immediately give them a treat. The clicker acts as a bridge, letting your dog know they’ve earned a reward even if it takes a second to deliver it.

Just be mindful not to reward mid-action. If you click or praise while your dog is still peeing or pooping, they might get distracted and stop before they’re done. Wait until they’ve completely finished before marking the behavior.

Special Scenarios

While the basic principles of potty training apply to most dogs, there are some situations that require a bit of extra consideration. Whether you’re working with a stubborn puppy, an older dog, or a dog in a unique living situation, here’s how to handle some common challenges.

Persistent Accidents Indoors

If your dog seems to have more accidents than progress, don’t panic. One common issue is incomplete elimination. Some dogs, especially puppies, don’t fully empty their bladder or bowels in one trip outside. This can lead to frustrating scenarios where your dog goes potty outside, only to have an accident shortly after coming back indoors.

To address this, give your dog more time during each potty break. If they pee or poop once, stay outside for a few extra minutes to see if they need to go again. Reward every successful elimination to reinforce the behavior. Over time, they’ll learn to fully empty themselves during their outdoor potty trips.

Potty Training Older Dogs

Re-training an older dog might seem daunting, but it’s absolutely possible. The key is to approach the process with the same patience and consistency you’d use with a puppy. Older dogs may have developed bad habits or negative associations with potty training, so it’s important to keep the experience positive.

Start by treating them as if they’re a blank slate. Supervise or confine them just like you would with a puppy, establish a consistent routine, and reward successful potty trips. Keep in mind that medical issues, like urinary tract infections or incontinence, can cause accidents in older dogs. If your dog struggles despite your efforts, consult your veterinarian to rule out any underlying health problems.

Indoor Potty Training

For pet parents living in apartments or those with small breeds, outdoor potty training isn’t always practical. In these cases, indoor training can be a great solution. Use pee pads, grass patches, or even litter boxes to create a designated indoor potty area.

Consistency is key here, too. Always bring your dog to the same spot and reward them for using it. Over time, they’ll understand that this is their bathroom area. If you plan to transition them to outdoor pottying later, gradually move the indoor setup closer to the door before eventually taking it outside.

The Role of Doggy Doors and Crate Integration

Doggy doors can be a lifesaver for potty training, especially for pet parents who want to give their dogs more independence. But they’re not a magic fix—you’ll still need to train your dog to use the door properly and ensure they’re only going outside to potty, not to explore or play unsupervised.

One effective method is using a double-door crate setup. Position the crate so that one door opens to the house and the other to the doggy door. This way, your dog has controlled access to the outdoors for potty breaks but remains confined when they come back inside. Over time, this setup helps reinforce the habit of going outside to eliminate.

If your dog is hesitant to use the doggy door, encourage them with treats or a favorite toy. Start by holding the flap open and letting them walk through it without pressure. Gradually let the flap rest on their back as they pass through, rewarding them every step of the way. With patience, most dogs quickly catch on.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Even with the best intentions, it’s easy to make mistakes during potty training. Avoiding these pitfalls will save you and your dog a lot of frustration.

Leaving the Dog Unsupervised

The number one mistake is giving your dog too much freedom too soon. It’s tempting to trust your pup to wander the house, especially if they’ve had a few successful potty trips. But even one unsupervised accident can set back the training process. Until your dog is fully trained, keep them in your line of sight or safely confined.

Punishing Accidents

Scolding, yelling, or punishing your dog for accidents won’t teach them where to go—it will only make them afraid of eliminating in front of you. This fear can lead to sneaky behaviors, like hiding to go potty. Always focus on guiding your dog to the right behavior instead of punishing the wrong one.

Rushing the Process

Potty training takes time, and every dog learns at their own pace. Rushing through the process or skipping steps, like consistent supervision or confining your dog, will only lead to more setbacks. Be patient and trust the process.

Patience and Long-Term Success

Potty training isn’t just about teaching your dog where to go—it’s about building a foundation of trust and communication between you and your furry companion. Success won’t happen overnight, but with consistency, positive reinforcement, and a little extra effort, you’ll get there.

Remember, accidents are a normal part of the journey. Each one is an opportunity to learn more about your dog’s needs and adjust your training approach. Celebrate the small victories along the way, and before you know it, you’ll have a dog who’s fully potty-trained and confident in their routine.

If you ever feel stuck, don’t hesitate to reach out to a professional for guidance. Potty training doesn’t have to be a lonely or frustrating process—there are plenty of resources and experts ready to help.

Need More Than Just This Article? Get The Book Now On Amazon

House-Training-101-Potty-Training-Unleashed Book By Puppy TRainer in Phoenix Az, Will Bangura Available on Amazon

Will Bangura, M.S., CAB-ICB, CBCC-KA, CPDT-KA, FFCP, is an internationally certified canine behaviorist with over 35 years of experience specializing in dog aggression, anxiety, and behavior issues. He provides evidence-based, humane training solutions for pet parents and professionals worldwide.

Can Aggression In Dogs Be Fixed With Tools Like Electronic Collars or Prong Collars

by Will Bangura M.S., CAB-ICB, CBCC-KA, CPDT-KA, FFCP | Certified Dog Behaviorist and Trainer in Phoenix, AZ

Close-up of a German Shepherd displaying aggressive behavior, used to illustrate the best tools and methods for managing dog aggression in a training article.

Best Tools for Dog Aggression: Science-Based Solutions vs. Aversive Methods

Aggression in dogs is a complex issue, often misunderstood and approached with outdated methods that prioritize control over empathy and scientific understanding. This article explores the most effective tools and methods to manage aggression in dogs, emphasizing evidence-based, humane dog training practices while dismantling the argument for e-collar use in these cases. Studies in animal behavior, neuroscience, and psychology underline that behavior modification should be rooted in positive reinforcement rather than aversive tools. To address aggression comprehensively, we must consider underlying causes, such as fear, stress, and anxiety, and adopt tools that foster trust, resilience, and confidence. I am a cross-over trainer. That means I used to use corrections and tools like e-collars and or prong collars.  I am now a force-free positive reinforcement trainer.  I don’t need them even for the most difficult of behaviors.  I found that for severe behaviors like dog aggression where I offer dog training in the Phoenix Az metro area these tools often make aggression and anxiety worse in the long run.

Dog Aggression Training in Phoenix, AZ

The Root Causes of Aggression in Dogs: Why Positive Reinforcement Matters

Aggression is rarely a standalone behavior. It’s often symptomatic of deeper emotional issues, including fear, anxiety, or a lack of coping skills (Overall, 2013). Unlike aversive methods, positive reinforcement-based training can address these root causes by reshaping emotional responses rather than merely suppressing outward expressions of aggression. By focusing on positive reinforcement, we can reduce fear and anxiety, thereby decreasing the likelihood of aggression.

Research consistently supports positive reinforcement as the most effective training approach for fostering long-term behavioral change (Hiby, Rooney, & Bradshaw, 2004). Studies reveal that positive reinforcement not only improves obedience but also builds trust, reduces anxiety, and minimizes the likelihood of aggression compared to punishment-based approaches (Ziv, 2017). Importantly, these methods are shown to improve the human-animal bond, resulting in more emotionally secure and resilient dogs.

The Inefficacy and Risks of E-Collars in Addressing Aggression

The use of e-collars, or electronic shock collars, in training has been controversial, with a growing body of evidence against their use, particularly for aggression. Proponents argue that e-collars redirect attention and aid in obedience, yet studies indicate that they may exacerbate aggression by heightening a dog’s stress and anxiety.

A 2020 study published in Frontiers in Veterinary Science revealed that shock collars increase signs of stress, anxiety, and aggression, and found that dogs trained with e-collars showed more stress-related behaviors (Cooper et al., 2014). The same study reported elevated cortisol levels in dogs trained with e-collars compared to those trained with positive reinforcement, suggesting a higher state of stress.

Dr. Karen Overall, a noted veterinary behaviorist, emphasizes that punishment-based tools like e-collars do not address the underlying emotions that drive aggressive behavior (Overall, 2013). Rather, these tools suppress behaviors temporarily without resolving the root cause, risking a resurgence of aggression, often with intensified behaviors. Moreover, the learned association between the shock and a stimulus can lead to increased fear or anxiety toward the stimulus, which could lead to generalized fear and worsen aggression.

Recommended Tools for Managing Aggression: Science-Based, Humane Options

Evidence-based behavior modification focuses on tools and techniques that support positive emotional shifts, promote learning, and enhance resilience in dogs.

Clicker Training

Clicker training, a form of marker-based positive reinforcement, is an effective method to reshape behavior through precise timing and reinforcement. Clicker training allows pet parents and behaviorists to mark desirable behaviors quickly, which aids in reinforcing alternative, non-aggressive behaviors. A study by Chiandetti et al. (2016) demonstrated that clicker-trained dogs learned tasks faster and showed reduced stress compared to those trained with aversive methods.

Counterconditioning and Desensitization

Counterconditioning and desensitization are two powerful techniques widely used in behavior modification. I use these methods in almost all dog aggression training in Phoenix. Counterconditioning involves changing a dog’s emotional response to a trigger, while desensitization gradually exposes the dog to the trigger at a tolerable level, preventing overwhelming stress. This approach is highly effective for dogs with fear-based aggression, as it builds positive associations with previously threatening stimuli (Deldalle & Gaunet, 2014).

Management Tools: Harnesses, Muzzles, and Head Halters

Using management tools, such as body harnesses and head halters, can provide pet parents with better control while preventing situations that could provoke aggressive responses. Muzzles, when introduced positively, can be valuable safety tools in public settings, allowing for gradual exposure to triggers without risk. Unlike e-collars, these tools do not involve pain or fear; rather, they facilitate controlled exposure, enabling positive experiences around triggers (Herron et al., 2014).

Interactive Toys and Mental Enrichment

Aggression often arises when dogs lack appropriate outlets for energy and mental stimulation. Providing interactive toys, puzzle feeders, and mental enrichment activities can reduce stress and redirect a dog’s focus away from aggression (Lindsay, 2000). These tools encourage problem-solving, keep dogs mentally engaged, and offer positive alternatives to aggressive behaviors.

Arguing Against E-Collar Use in Aggression Cases

Close-up of a German Shepherd displaying aggressive behavior, used to illustrate the best tools and methods for managing dog aggression in a training article.

E-collar advocates like Robin Macfarlane who I respect and even trained with and learned much from in the past before I corssed-over to force-free training often claim that the tool provides a way to redirect a dog’s focus and enforce obedience, yet this ignores significant risks. Using e-collars in aggression cases presents several inherent dangers, even when used at low levels, particularly when underlying emotions like fear and anxiety drive the behavior.

Risk of Increased Anxiety and Aggression

Evidence shows that punishment, such as shock, can cause learned helplessness, where the dog may comply temporarily but is still stressed and anxious. Aversive training, by design, interrupts behavior without addressing emotional causes, which can lead to “trigger stacking,” where the dog’s suppressed aggression resurfaces more intensely later (Blackwell et al., 2012).

Ethical and Welfare Concerns

The welfare implications of shock collar use are a primary reason many countries have banned these tools. The European Society of Veterinary Clinical Ethology states that aversive techniques are harmful to canine welfare and urges trainers to avoid shock collars entirely (European Society of Veterinary Clinical Ethology, 2018). Instead, humane methods—like positive reinforcement—are widely recommended by behaviorists and veterinary organizations, including the American Veterinary Society of Animal Behavior (AVSAB, 2007).

Efficacy of Positive Reinforcement Over Punishment

Studies directly comparing positive reinforcement to aversive methods indicate that positive reinforcement leads to more consistent, long-term success. Ziv (2017) found that positive reinforcement is more effective at reducing aggression over time, while punishment-based training, including shock collars, was correlated with increased aggression and stress.

The Path to Long-Term Behavioral Change: Building Trust, Not Instilling Fear

Aggression rehabilitation requires a commitment to addressing the underlying emotional state of the dog. A focus on humane tools and methods fosters lasting behavioral change, as these approaches promote positive emotional growth rather than fear or avoidance. Pet parents, trainers, and behaviorists must prioritize approaches that build confidence and address root causes to ensure ethical and effective training.

Addressing aggression in dogs requires a science-based, compassionate approach. Tools like clicker training, counterconditioning, harnesses, and mental enrichment provide safe and effective alternatives to aversive tools like e-collars. Overwhelming evidence confirms that aversive training exacerbates stress and aggression rather than resolving it. By embracing humane, positive reinforcement methods, we not only reduce aggression but also strengthen the bond between dogs and their guardians, creating a foundation of trust and security essential for a fulfilling human-animal relationship. It is advised to always seek a dog behaviorist in Phoenix who is Certified and has experience in training aggressive dogs

References

  • AVSAB. (2007). AVSAB Position Statement on Punishment. Retrieved from AVSAB Online
  • Blackwell, E. J., Twells, C., Seawright, A., & Casey, R. A. (2012). The relationship between training methods and the occurrence of behavior problems, as reported by owners, in a population of domestic dogs. Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research, 7(3), 150-155.
  • Chiandetti, C., Avella, S., Fongaro, E., & Cerri, F. (2016). Can clicker training facilitate conditioning in dogs? Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 184, 84-93.
  • Cooper, J. J., Cracknell, N., Hardiman, J., Wright, H., & Mills, D. S. (2014). The welfare consequences and efficacy of training pet dogs with remote electronic training collars in comparison to reward-based training. PLOS ONE, 9(9), e102722.
  • Deldalle, S., & Gaunet, F. (2014). Effects of two training methods on stress-related behaviors of the dog (Canis familiaris) and on the dog-owner relationship. Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research, 9(2), 58-65.
  • European Society of Veterinary Clinical Ethology. (2018). Position statement on the use of shock in dog training. Retrieved from ESVCE Online
  • Hiby, E. F., Rooney, N. J., & Bradshaw, J. W. (2004). Dog training methods: their use, effectiveness and interaction with behaviour and welfare. Animal Welfare, 13(1), 63-69.
  • Overall, K. L. (2013). Manual of Clinical Behavioral Medicine for Dogs and Cats. Elsevier Health Sciences.
  • Ziv, G. (2017). The effects of using aversive training methods in dogs: A review. Journal of Veterinary Behavior, 19, 50-60.

Professional Dog Behavior Modification in Phoenix Az

by Will Bangura M.S., CAB-ICB, CBCC-KA, CPDT-KA, FFCP | Certified Dog Behaviorist and Trainer in Phoenix, AZ

Dog raising its paw, symbolizing positive behavior modification training.

Professional Dog Behavior Modification in Phoenix, AZ – Compassionate, Science-Based Solutions

“We do not change behavior by punishing; we change it by arranging conditions under which the learner will do the right thing.”

— B.F. Skinner, Beyond Freedom and Dignity (1971)

BONUS

Listen to the Podcast on the Same Topic

When your dog starts showing signs of aggression, anxiety, or even frustrating nuisance behaviors like jumping, barking, or pulling on the leash, it can feel overwhelming. You might wonder, “How can I fix this?” or even, “Am I doing something wrong?”

The truth is, behavior problems aren’t about being a bad pet parent—they’re a sign that your dog is struggling to understand or in many cases, emotionally. And that’s where behavior modification comes in. Behavior modification is more than just teaching your dog to “sit” or “stay.” It’s about getting to the root of their problems and helping them feel safe, secure, and happy.

Here in Phoenix, AZ, pet parents have choices when it comes to dog behavior training. But sadly, not all choices are good ones. Many dog trainers who call themselves “professionals” rely on harmful methods like shock collars, prong collars, and choke chains. These tools are designed to cause pain or discomfort to suppress your dog’s behavior. But here’s the thing: science has shown time and time again that these methods don’t work in the long run—and can actually make things worse.

Would you trust your child to a psychologist who had no formal education or certification? Absolutely not. You wouldn’t send your child to someone who doesn’t follow the latest science or use evidence-based practices, nor would you allow someone unqualified to try outdated methods that could do more harm than good. The same is true for dog behavior modification. Just like a human psychologist, a qualified canine behaviorist must have proper education, certification, and ongoing continuing education to stay current with the latest science and methods for change. Unfortunately, 99% of dog trainers in the U.S. have no legitimate certification or formal education.

The Science Behind Humane Dog Training

Don’t just take my word for it—over 40 scientific studies have shown that positive reinforcement training is more effective than punishment-based methods. In fact, research has proven that using pain, fear, or intimidation slows down progress, causes emotional harm, and increases the likelihood of aggressive behavior.

A powerful example of this science-backed stance comes from the American Veterinary Society of Animal Behavior (AVSAB), which strongly advocates for humane dog training. Their position statement on humane dog training includes 21 cited references supporting the overwhelming evidence that positive reinforcement is the most effective and compassionate way to train dogs.

Dog Behavior Modification You can read their full position statement here, which emphasizes that punishment-based training, such as using shock collars or prong collars, can lead to unintended consequences, including increased aggression, fear, and anxiety in dogs. This statement underscores what I have seen firsthand in my work with dogs needing behavior modification in Phoenix AZ where I am located.

Here are three key studies to consider:

  1. Ziv, G. (2017). The effects of using aversive training methods in dogs – A review. This review showed that aversive methods significantly increase stress and anxiety in dogs, while positive reinforcement builds confidence and leads to faster, long-term results.

Reference: Ziv, G. (2017). The effects of using aversive training methods in dogs – A review. Journal of Veterinary Behavior, 19, 50–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jveb.2017.02.004

  1. Blackwell, E.J., Twells, C., Seawright, A., & Casey, R.A. (2008). The relationship between training methods and the occurrence of behavior problems in a population of domestic dogs. This study revealed that dogs trained with aversive methods showed more aggression and anxiety, while those trained with positive reinforcement had fewer behavior problems overall.

Reference: Blackwell, E.J., Twells, C., Seawright, A., & Casey, R.A. (2008). The relationship between training methods and the occurrence of behavior problems in a population of domestic dogs. Journal of Veterinary Behavior, 3(5), 207–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jveb.2007.10.008

  1. Herron, M.E., Shofer, F.S., & Reisner, I.R. (2009). Survey of the use and outcome of confrontational and non-confrontational training methods in client-owned dogs. The study found that dogs trained using confrontational methods, such as shock collars and punishment-based tools, were more likely to display aggression toward their owners and other people.

Reference: Herron, M.E., Shofer, F.S., & Reisner, I.R. (2009). Survey of the use and outcome of confrontational and non-confrontational training methods in client-owned dogs showing undesired behaviors. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 117(1-2), 47–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2008.12.011

These studies make it clear: punishment doesn’t work the way we think it does. It suppresses behavior temporarily, but in the long run, it creates more problems than it solves. Positive reinforcement is faster, more effective, and most importantly, it’s kinder to your dog. 

Behavior Modification vs. Obedience Training: What’s the Difference?

It’s important to know that behavior modification is NOT the same as obedience training. While obedience training focuses on teaching specific commands (like “sit,” “stay,” or “come”), dog behavior modification is about changing your dog’s underlying emotional state and addressing the root cause of their behavior. It’s like pulling out a weed—if you don’t get the root, it always grows back. The same goes for your dog’s behavior.

When we modify behavior, we’re not just teaching your dog to follow commands. We’re helping them understand that the world isn’t as scary as it seems. We’re giving them the tools they need to make better choices, and we’re doing it in a way that strengthens your bond with them.

Obedience training can be helpful for teaching everyday skills, but if your dog is showing signs of dog anxiety, fear, or aggression, behavior modification is what they need. And it’s not about causing them pain or fear to get results—it’s about working with them in a compassionate, science-based way.

The Pressure Cooker Effect: Why Punishment-Based Training Backfires

“Punished behavior is not forgotten, it’s suppressed—behavior returns when punishment is no longer present.”

— B.F. Skinner, Science and Human Behavior (1953)

Steam releasing from a pressure cooker, symbolizing the build-up of tension and release under pressure.

Think of your dog’s emotional state like a pressure cooker. If you keep adding stress, fear, and pain, eventually it’s going to explode. That’s why punishing your dog for aggressive behavior can backfire. Sure, it might suppress the behavior for a while, but the underlying emotional tension is still there. And eventually, your dog won’t be able to hold it in anymore.

Behavior modification, on the other hand, is like slowly releasing the pressure. It helps your dog feel safe, calm, and confident, so the need to act out aggressively disappears.

Debunking Myths About Positive Reinforcement

While positive reinforcement dog training is a proven, humane way to modify behavior, there are still plenty of myths floating around about it. Let’s set the record straight.

Myth #1: Positive Reinforcement Doesn’t Stop Unwanted Behaviors

One of the biggest myths is that positive reinforcement can’t stop unwanted behaviors like jumping, barking, or pulling on the leash. This simply isn’t true.

Take the example of a dog that jumps on guests when they arrive. Many trainers might suggest using a shock collar or prong collar to stop the behavior, but these methods just suppress it through pain or fear. Positive reinforcement uses differential reinforcement to teach the dog a new behavior—like sitting for love and affection. Instead of punishing the dog for jumping, we reward them for sitting calmly.

With consistent training, the dog learns that sitting brings rewards, while jumping doesn’t get the same response. The behavior shifts, and the best part? You don’t hurt your dog or damage your relationship in the process.

But there’s another danger with using punishment—wrong associations. I worked with a dog in Phoenix who was punished with a shock collar every time he jumped on guests. Unfortunately, the dog didn’t just associate the punishment with jumping; he began to associate strangers with pain and fear. Over time, the dog became aggressive toward anyone who approached him. Why? He had learned that keeping strangers away meant avoiding the shock. This is a classic example of punishment backfiring, causing unintended and even dangerous consequences.

Another case involved a dog that barked excessively at the front door whenever a delivery arrived. The pet parents used a spray bottle to punish the barking. At first, it seemed to work, but eventually, the dog began to fear any sound near the door, even becoming aggressive toward family members walking in. The dog had no idea why it was being punished and developed a deep anxiety related to the door, strangers, and even family.

A dog in Mesa, AZ, had been punished with a prong collar for resource guarding. The pet parent saw short-term improvement, but after a few months, the dog’s aggression exploded. After identifying the root cause—fear of losing valuable resources—we were able to resolve the issue using counterconditioning and desensitization. The dog learned to trust that no one was going to take their items, and the aggression disappeared.

Positive reinforcement teaches the dog what to do instead of what not to do. It doesn’t create these negative associations. Instead of punishing the dog for barking at the door, I would teach the dog to go to a specific place and relax when someone knocks. This method not only stops the barking but also reduces the dog’s anxiety and increases confidence without any fear or confusion.

Myth #2: Positive Reinforcement Fails with Big Distractions

Another myth is that positive reinforcement doesn’t work when there are big distractions. Think of a dog that pulls on the leash when they see another dog or gets overly excited around new people.

Some trainers might tell you that without punishment, like a shock collar, the dog won’t focus. But that’s not true. Positive reinforcement can handle distractions, too. It just requires skilled application and consistency.

Let’s look at how real service dogs are trained. And I’m not talking about those fake service dogs that some people use just so their dog can fly with them. I’m talking about legitimate service dogs who can stay completely calm and focused in public, no matter what distractions are around them. Contact any organization that trains real service dogs, and you’ll find that they rely on positive reinforcement, not punishment. These dogs remain aloof and focused in highly distracting environments, not because they fear punishment, but because they are trained with compassion, skill, and science-based methods.

When your dog is properly trained with positive reinforcement, they learn to stay focused on you—even in the face of distractions. The problem is, many uneducated trainers who rely on shock collars simply don’t know how to teach a dog to manage distractions without using punishment. Positive reinforcement goes beyond just giving treats—it’s about shaping behaviors through a thoughtful, structured plan.

Myth #3: Dogs Won’t Listen Without a Treat

Another myth you might hear is that dogs trained with positive reinforcement will only listen if you have food. This simply isn’t true.

Yes, treats can be part of training, especially in the beginning, but the goal is to fade the food rewards over time, using them less and less until your dog responds to your cues without the need for treats.

And let’s flip this myth on its head: if a dog won’t listen without a shock collar or prong collar on, is that really good training? If a trainer tells you your dog won’t behave without the collar, then they haven’t taught your dog anything except how to avoid pain.

When trained with positive reinforcement, your dog is learning skills they can apply in any situation, with or without treats. Food is just a tool we use at the start to help your dog understand what’s expected of them.

Lead with Love, Not Fear: Choose Positive Reinforcement for a Happier Dog

It’s time to say no to outdated, harmful punishment-based methods. Your dog deserves better—and so do you. Choosing positive reinforcement dog training means choosing a path where you and your dog learn and grow together. It’s not just about solving a behavior problem—it’s about strengthening the bond between you and creating a relationship based on trust and understanding.

Punishment may seem like a quick fix, but it’s a band-aid that often leads to more harm in the long run. Positive reinforcement, on the other hand, is proven to work faster, better, and kinder.

Imagine coming home to a dog that greets you with excitement but knows exactly how to behave. Imagine walking through a busy park with a calm, focused dog who stays by your side, even with distractions all around. This isn’t a dream—it’s the reality that positive reinforcement can create for you and your dog.

If you’re ready to experience the joy, trust, and connection that positive reinforcement brings, let’s get started. Contact me today to schedule a consultation, and together, we’ll create a training plan that works for both you and your dog. You’ll see results—and you’ll feel good knowing you’re doing what’s best for your best friend.

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Environmental Management: The Overlooked First Step in Addressing Dog Behavior Problems

by Will Bangura M.S., CAB-ICB, CBCC-KA, CPDT-KA, FFCP | Certified Dog Behaviorist and Trainer in Phoenix, AZ

 Why Environmental Management is the Crucial First Step to Solving Your Dog’s Behavior Problems

Environmental Management is the Crucial First Step to Solving Your Dog's Behavior Problems

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Listen to the Podcast on the Same Topic

When tackling dog behavior problems, whether it’s nuisance barking, leash reactivity, or aggression, one crucial step is often overlooked by pet parents and even some trainers: environmental management. This is the process of modifying the dog’s surroundings to reduce or eliminate the triggers that precede undesirable behaviors. While environmental management is not the ultimate solution, it is an essential first step in the behavior modification process. Without it, efforts to train the dog or address behavior problems may fail.

The Importance of Eliminating Triggers

Just as you cannot successfully fix a broken water pipe without first turning off the main water valve, you cannot modify a dog’s behavior without first addressing the environmental factors that trigger that behavior. No matter how diligent the training efforts, if the dog continues to be exposed to the same triggers, the behavior will persist. Environmental management—effectively “turning off the valve”—prevents the dog from rehearsing undesirable behaviors, which is critical for stopping the habituation and conditioning of those behaviors.

Why Is Rehearsal of Undesirable Behaviors Harmful?

Every time a dog engages in an unwanted behavior, such as barking at the mail carrier or lunging at other dogs on walks, that behavior becomes further ingrained. This process is known as conditioning. When a behavior is practiced repeatedly, it becomes a habit, making it more difficult to change in the future. By allowing a dog to repeatedly rehearse the undesirable behavior, pet parents are inadvertently strengthening that behavior.
To illustrate this point: Imagine you’re trying to teach a child not to interrupt during conversations. If the child continues to interrupt and is given attention, they are reinforcing their own behavior. Similarly, when a dog barks at the mail carrier, and the mail carrier eventually leaves (as they always will), the dog learns that barking is successful in removing what they perceive as a threat. This is why managing the environment—preventing the dog from encountering the mail carrier at all—is critical. Without this step, the dog will continue to practice and reinforce the very behavior you are trying to eliminate.

The Role of Environmental Management in Behavior Modification

Environmental management is about modifying the dog’s environment in a way that reduces exposure to triggers, making it easier to break the cycle of undesirable behaviors. In behavior science, this process is referred to as antecedent control—changing the factors that come before the behavior occurs. When pet parents and trainers skip this critical step, they set the dog up for failure, sabotaging any long-term success.

Example of Nuisance Barking at Passersby

Training for Barking Dogs

Take the example of a dog that barks at people walking past the house. In this case, the trigger is the sight of passersby. Without managing the environment, the dog will continue to practice this behavior, reinforcing it with each occurrence. To stop this, a simple environmental change—such as blocking the dog’s view of the street by using frosted window film or keeping the dog away from rooms with street-facing windows—can reduce exposure to the trigger.

While this doesn’t fix the underlying behavior, it buys time and prevents further rehearsal of the barking while behavior modification techniques are applied, such as counterconditioning the dog to stay calm when people approach the house. Environmental management in this case is like turning off the water valve; it stops the immediate problem from getting worse.

Example of Leash Reactivity

Training for Leash Reactive Dogs

Leash reactivity is a more complex behavior, where a dog lunges, barks, or growls at other dogs or people during walks. The triggers in this case are other dogs, people, or even specific stimuli like bicycles. Continuing to expose the dog to these triggers during walks without managing the environment only reinforces the reactive behavior. Each time the dog lunges or barks, and the other dog passes by, the reactive behavior is strengthened.
Environmental management might involve walking the dog in less crowded areas or during times of day when there are fewer distractions. Additionally, distance can be increased between the dog and the triggers by crossing the street or finding an alternate route. Once the dog is no longer reacting as frequently, positive reinforcement training can begin to help the dog form a new emotional association with these triggers. Again, environmental management is the first step; the goal is to teach the dog new behaviors, but that won’t happen if the dog is set up to fail on every walk.

Example of Aggression Toward Guests

Training for Dogs With Aggression Towards Strangers

In cases of more severe behavior problems, such as dog aggression, specifically a dog that exhibits aggression toward visitors, environmental management is even more critical. The trigger in this case is the arrival of guests. Allowing the dog to interact with guests before behavior modification begins can be dangerous and leads to further rehearsal of the aggressive behavior.

An effective environmental management strategy might involve confining the dog to another room or a crate when guests arrive, using barriers like baby gates, or even creating a designated safe space for the dog where they won’t encounter visitors. This prevents the dog from being exposed to the trigger and gives the trainer or behaviorist the opportunity to work on desensitization and counterconditioning in a controlled, low-stress environment.

Stopping the Cycle of Habituation

Habituation occurs when a dog becomes accustomed to a stimulus, leading to a diminished response over time. However, in the case of undesirable behaviors like reactivity or barking, repeated exposure to a trigger doesn’t always lead to habituation—it can lead to the behavior becoming more deeply ingrained. This is why it’s critical to stop the cycle early through environmental management.

Let’s return to the broken pipe analogy. If the water is still flowing, no amount of patching will fix the problem because the pipe will continue to leak. Similarly, no amount of training will stop an undesirable behavior if the dog is repeatedly exposed to the trigger. Managing the environment, and turning off the flow of triggers, is the first and most necessary step before behavior modification can take place.

Environmental Management Is Not a Fix—But It’s a Critical First Step

It’s important to emphasize that environmental management alone is not the solution to behavior problems. Avoiding triggers only prevents further rehearsal of the undesirable behavior; it doesn’t teach the dog new skills or change their underlying emotional state. The dog still needs to learn alternative, positive behaviors through training techniques like counterconditioning and desensitization. However, without first managing the environment, these training efforts are unlikely to succeed.

As Skinner noted in his work on behaviorism, “The consequences of an act affect the probability of its occurring again.” If we allow dogs to continue encountering the triggers that lead to undesirable behaviors, we are reinforcing those behaviors, even if unintentionally.

Common Pitfalls: How We Sabotage Success

Many pet parents, and even some trainers, underestimate the importance of environmental management, which often leads to unintentional sabotage. Here are some common pitfalls:

Allowing Continued Exposure to Triggers: Pet parents may continue to expose their dog to the same stimuli that cause the problem, believing that the dog will “get used to it” or “learn to behave.” This is especially common with leash-reactive dogs, where continued exposure to other dogs on walks only reinforces the reactive behavior.

Inconsistent Management: Inconsistent application of environmental management undermines progress. For example, blocking the dog’s access to windows sometimes, but not all the time, means the dog continues to bark on occasion, which is enough to maintain the behavior.

Relying on Management Alone: While management is the first step, it is not the only step. Pet parents and trainers may avoid triggers indefinitely without addressing the root cause of the behavior, which leaves the dog in a state of constant management, rather than true behavior change.

Just as turning off the main water valve is necessary to begin fixing a broken pipe, environmental management is the essential first step in addressing dog behavior problems. By eliminating or reducing exposure to triggers, we stop the dog from rehearsing undesirable behaviors and pave the way for more effective behavior modification. While environmental management alone won’t solve behavior issues, it sets the stage for successful training, allowing the dog to focus on learning new, positive behaviors without being set up to fail.
Pet parents and trainers must understand that successful long-term behavior change begins with managing the environment. Without this step, attempts at training will be like trying to fix a broken pipe with water still flowing—impossible and ultimately futile.

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Counter-Conditioning

by Will Bangura M.S., CAB-ICB, CBCC-KA, CPDT-KA, FFCP | Certified Dog Behaviorist and Trainer in Phoenix, AZ

Territorial Aggression

COUNTER-CONDITIONING AND DESENSITIZATION

 (Changing your Dog’s Emotional State and Behaviors Around Triggers that May Cause Fear, Anxiety, Aggression, Reactivity, and or Phobias)

 

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  Dog Anxiety Training Phoenix

Counterconditioning and Desensitization

Counter-Conditioning By Will Bangura, Dog Behaviorist, M.S., CBCC-KA, CPDT-KA 

“Dogs exhibiting inappropriate, out-of-context fears or aggression are not misbehaved or poorly behaved-they are clinically abnormal and must be regarded as such.

Q: What are *Counter-Conditioning and *Desensitization?

A: The term counter-conditioning means teaching a dog to display behaviors that are different and or opposite of your dog’s current behavior and response to a trigger. Desensitization is the process of exposing your dog to triggers like different sounds that create fear, starting at very low intensity. Both counter-conditioning and desensitization are used together to change the behavior and emotional state of dogs, especially with fearful and aggressive behaviors and underlying emotional states.

Q: Exactly How Do You Set Up and Implement counter conditioning and desensitization plan?

A: There are many steps involved in a Counter-Conditioning and Desensitization Plan.

  • Identify your dog’s triggers that elicit your dog’s fearful or aggressive behavior.
  • Create a list of these triggers and put them in the order of least intense reactions or behaviors to the triggers to most intense reactions or behaviors.
  • Arrange your dog’s life and routine to avoid all triggers, (initially,) except when doing the structured work of counter-conditioning and desensitization.
  • For every trigger and every trigger characteristic, score your dog’s behavior or reaction to the triggers on a scale of 1 to 10, with ten being the worst reaction and one being the best reaction. Give scores in three categories; (1) Frequency of reaction to the trigger, (2) Intensity of reaction or behavior and (3) Duration of reaction or behavior, (How long does it take your dog to go back to normal.)
  • Study and know your dog’s canine body language such as Stress Signals, Calming Signals, Distance Increasing Signals, Submissive Gestures, and Acts of Deference as a way to gauge your dog’s internal emotional state when exposed to a trigger.
  • Start with the triggers that are least likely to bring about an unwanted behavior or reaction from your dog. Work your way up the list of triggers from least intense reactions and behaviors to most intense reactions and behaviors.
  • Develop a plan on how to make each trigger less intense for the dog.
  • Associate each trigger and each characteristic of a trigger with a positive reinforcer, (ideally the highest value food item your dog loves.)
  • Go slow. Only proceed as fast as the dog’s pace and ability to work through the triggers. (Working too slow, gradually and systematic, is better than too fast, *flooding.)
  • Never allow your dog to be put in a situation where your dog is over the “threshold.” You need to always keep your dog below the “threshold.”

Counter-Conditioning Thresholds

Canine Body Language

FAS-Ladder-Dog-Regular-Version-1_EDITED-1

Counter-Conditioning Working at the Dog’s Pace

  • Don’t move forward in the process until your dog anticipates the reward when the trigger is present and maintains a calm, relaxed demeanor and body language consistently for a few weeks.
  • Counter condition and desensitization sessions need to occur at a minimum 3 to 5 times a week.
  • Keep counter-conditioning and desensitization sessions short and frequent, 5 to 15 minutes long, 3 to 5 times a week or more.
  • Keep a behavior modification journal and notes for each counter-conditioning and desensitization session. Include what the trigger is, what characteristic of the trigger worked on, and note what intensity level the trigger was being worked on a scale of one to ten again, only this time you are scoring what level of intensity you are exposing the dog to the trigger. Include your dog’s progress or lack of progress. Include canine body language cues your dog displays.
  • Take a video of the counter-conditioning and desensitization session for feedback from your trainer or behaviorist as well as your own self-evaluation.
  • Dogs that make little to no progress or very slow progress (Longer than 2 months to desensitize one trigger,) often indicate that there is also a potential neurochemical imbalance and the need for non-sedating behavior medicine in addition to behavior modification. Behavior medicine also increases the ability of your dog to learn and remember as well as balances out your dog’s neurochemicals/neurotransmitters, decreasing your dog’s unwanted behaviors and emotional state.

Counter-conditioning and desensitization are often times done before obedience training for dogs that are so reactive that a trainer can not approach them close enough to teach and work with the dog on obedience.

For dogs that can be approached and can be close enough to the trainer without reacting, obedience training may occur before counter conditioning and desensitization.  Once there are some obedience command behaviors taught, we can decrease the intensity of the trigger by working the dog in obedience commands while being exposed to the trigger and while doing the counter conditioning and desensitization.

For some dogs that already have some reliably taught obedience commands, obedience training and counter-conditioning and desensitization may start concurrently.

Counterconditioning and Desensitization Podcast

*Counter-conditioning is the pairing of one stimulus that evokes one response with another that evokes an opposite response so that the first stimulus comes to evoke the second response. For example, a dog is afraid of men wearing hats. When a man wearing a hat approach, the dog is repeatedly fed his favorite food. The goal is to replace the animal’s apprehension with the pleasure elicited by the food. Counter-conditioning must be done gradually, however; if the process is rushed, the favorite food may take on the fear association instead.

*Desensitization is the process of increasing an animal’s tolerance to a particular stimulus by gradually increasing the presence of the stimulus.

*Flooding in Psychological terms is the process of exposing an animal to a trigger at maximum intensity right from the start.  (This approach is counterproductive and will make the problem worse. It is important to know if you are flooding your dog and to avoid this during day-to-day activities and during a training session of counter-conditioning and desensitization.)

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DOG JUMPING

by Will Bangura M.S., CAB-ICB, CBCC-KA, CPDT-KA, FFCP | Certified Dog Behaviorist and Trainer in Phoenix, AZ

JUMPING DOG

DOG JUMPING

How to Address Dog Jumping: A Comprehensive Guide to Positive Reinforcement and Behavior Modification

Jumping is one of the most common nuisance behaviors that pet parents encounter with their dogs. It’s a behavior that, while usually motivated by excitement or the desire for attention, can become problematic if left unaddressed. Dogs may jump on their pet parents, guests, or even strangers, creating situations that can range from inconvenient to unsafe, especially with larger dogs. Fortunately, this behavior can be effectively modified using positive reinforcement, differential reinforcement, and behavior management strategies. This guide will offer a step-by-step plan to help pet parents understand, prevent, and modify dog jumping behavior.

dog jumping training

Understanding Why Dogs Jump

To effectively address a behavior like jumping, it’s crucial to first understand why dogs do it. Jumping is a natural, often socially reinforced behavior in dogs. Some common reasons include:

  1. Seeking Attention: Dogs often jump because it has been reinforced, even unintentionally. When a dog jumps, and the person responds (whether by pushing the dog away, talking to the dog, or even yelling), the dog receives attention, which reinforces the behavior.
  2. Excitement: Jumping frequently occurs when dogs are excited. This can happen when pet parents come home, when guests arrive, or during playtime. The dog’s energy level spikes, and jumping is often an outlet for that excitement.
  3. Greeting Behavior: In the wild, dogs often greet each other by sniffing faces. Domestic dogs may jump to reach the human face, mimicking this natural greeting behavior. While it’s instinctual, it can be inappropriate in human interactions.

The Role of Reinforcement in Jumping Behavior

Reinforcement plays a critical role in both the maintenance and the behavior modification of jumping behavior. Whether intentional or not, any attention given to a dog during or after they jump serves as reinforcement. The key to resolving this behavior lies in understanding how reinforcement works and utilizing it to encourage more desirable behaviors.

JUMPING DOG

Step-by-Step Guide to Modifying Jumping Behavior

1. Management: Preventing the Behavior from Reoccurring

Before you begin behavior modification, it’s essential to manage the environment to prevent your dog from practicing jumping. Dogs repeat behaviors that are reinforced, so the more they jump, the more ingrained the behavior becomes.

  • Use a leash when greeting guests or when coming home. The leash allows you to control the dog’s behavior and prevent jumping. Step on the leash to prevent the dog from physically jumping if necessary.
  • Create a calm entry environment. Upon arriving home or when guests enter, avoid high-energy greetings. Calmly walk inside and ignore your dog until they settle.

2. Teaching an Alternative Behavior: Using Differential Reinforcement

Differential Reinforcement (DR) is the process of reinforcing an alternative behavior instead of the undesirable one. For jumping, teaching the dog an incompatible behavior, such as sitting, works effectively because a dog cannot sit and jump at the same time.

  • Step 1: Teach a Reliable Sit Command
    Begin by teaching your dog to sit reliably in a variety of situations. Use positive reinforcement such as treats, toys, or praise to reward the dog each time they sit. The sit command should become a default behavior for your dog, something they do almost automatically in anticipation of a reward.
  • Step 2: Introduce Sit in Trigger Situations
    Once your dog reliably sits on cue, start practicing in situations where jumping is likely to occur, such as when you come home or when a guest arrives. As soon as the dog begins to approach, give the sit command. If the dog sits, reward immediately with high-value treats or attention. If the dog jumps, ignore the behavior by turning away or leaving the area (Negative Punishment).
  • Step 3: Reinforce Calm Behavior
    Reinforce calm behavior by rewarding your dog for sitting or standing quietly instead of jumping. This can be done by offering treats, praise, or petting when your dog is calm and not jumping. You are essentially teaching the dog that sitting or staying calm earns attention, while jumping does not.

3. Using Positive Reinforcement to Modify Behavior

Positive reinforcement is the cornerstone of effective behavior modification. The goal is to make desirable behaviors more appealing than undesirable ones.

  • Step 1: Mark and Reward Desired Behavior
    Use a marker word like “Yes!” or a clicker each time your dog performs the desired behavior (e.g., sitting calmly). Immediately follow the marker with a reward such as a treat, praise, or affection. This strengthens the association between the behavior and the reward.
  • Step 2: Reinforce “Off” Behavior
    If your dog does jump, use the word “Off” to cue them to get down. As soon as the dog’s paws are back on the floor, mark and reward with treats or praise. Gradually, the dog will begin to associate the word “Off” with placing all four paws on the ground, and this can become a cue to stop jumping.

4. Avoiding Unintentional Reinforcement

Be mindful of how your actions can unintentionally reinforce jumping. Common mistakes include:

  • Pushing the dog away: Physical interaction, even pushing, can be seen by the dog as attention, reinforcing the jumping behavior.
  • Yelling or scolding: Negative attention can still reinforce the behavior because the dog is receiving interaction from you.

The most effective way to stop unintentional reinforcement is to completely ignore the dog when they jump. Cross your arms, turn your back, and avoid eye contact. Only provide attention when the dog has all four paws on the ground or is performing the desired behavior, such as sitting.

5. Using Time-Outs as a Consequence (Negative Punishment)

If ignoring doesn’t work and your dog continues to jump, you can implement a time-out strategy. Time-outs are corrections for dogs that is a form of negative punishment where the dog loses access to something they want (your attention) as a consequence of jumping.

  • Step 1: Remove Attention
    If your dog jumps, immediately turn and walk away from them. Exit the room if necessary, effectively removing the attention the dog seeks.
  • Step 2: Return and Reinforce Calm Behavior
    After a few seconds, return to your dog. If they remain calm, reward them with attention. If they jump again, repeat the process until the dog learns that jumping results in the loss of attention, while calm behavior results in rewards.

Practice Scenarios to Prevent Jumping

  • When Greeting Guests:
    Have guests practice the same steps by ignoring the dog if they jump and only interacting when the dog is calm or sitting.
  • When You Come Home:
    Enter the home calmly. Ignore your dog if they jump, and only greet them when all four paws are on the ground or when they sit.

Patience and Consistency are Key

Behavior modification, particularly with ingrained behaviors like jumping, takes time and patience. Consistency is crucial—every interaction must reinforce the desired behavior and prevent reinforcement of jumping. Remember that this is a learning process for both the dog and the pet parent, and setbacks may occur. However, by following the steps outlined in this guide, you can effectively reduce and eventually eliminate your dog’s jumping behavior.

Jumping is a natural but problematic behavior that can be addressed through positive reinforcement and behavior management strategies. By teaching your dog alternative behaviors, managing excitement levels, and ensuring consistent reinforcement of calm behavior, you can significantly reduce your dog’s tendency to jump. With patience and persistence, your dog will learn that keeping all four paws on the ground is much more rewarding than jumping up on people.

For help with Dog Jumping  and any other Dog Training Issues Please Call Phoenix Dog Training (602) 769-1411

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Dogs and Fireworks: How to Keep Your Dog Calm During Fireworks Anxiety

by Will Bangura M.S., CAB-ICB, CBCC-KA, CPDT-KA, FFCP | Certified Dog Behaviorist and Trainer in Phoenix, AZ

How to Help Your Dog Relax With 4Th of July Fireworks

Dogs and Fireworks: How to Keep Your Dog Calm During Fireworks Anxiety.

Updated December 25th, 2022

The 4th of July and New Year’s are the busiest day at shelters across the United States. This article will discuss dogs and fireworks and how to calm your dog during fireworks anxiety. We will discuss what you can do in the short term,  what you can do in the long term, and what options there are with behavior modification and or behavioral medicine.

Every year shelters across the United States fill up with dogs due to the New Years’ Fireworks Celebration and the 4th of July fireworks. Many dogs experience terrible panic attacks and have sound sensitivity issues. The first thing you need to do is keep your pets safe. If you know your dog has sound phobias, specifically to fireworks, make sure You do not leave your dog home alone on the 4th of July. Many dogs escape and run away with severe fear and anxiety about fireworks. Make sure that your dog is microchipped and has a collar with an ID tag in case it does get away and gets lost.

Keep Your Dog Safe on New Years and the 4th Of July.

It is important to ensure you stay home with a dog with anxiety and fears of fireworks.  Be sure your pet has a collar with an I.D. tag.  Millions of dogs go missing each year on the weekend of the 4th of July, trying to escape the fear of fireworks.  Dogs escape and run away.  Some even jump through glass windows to escape. 

If your dog is not microchipped, make an appointment with your vet to chip your pooch. Some dogs will need to be kept by your side on a leash because they get so upset.  Dogs want quiet when the loud sounds of fireworks come.  Here are some things you can do to help dampen the sound for your dog.

Take your dog into a closet or walk-in closet.  The closet full of clothes is almost a soundproof room. Consider sitting in the closet with your pet with a radio on or while playing music. Studies show that dogs have a favorite genre of music, and it happens to be reggae.  So spin some Bob Marley and chill together this 4th of July.

Dogs and Fireworks: How to Keep Your Dog Calm During Fireworks Anxiety with Counterconditioning and Desensitization

What really needs to happen to help your dog with fireworks and its fireworks anxiety is to teach it to be calm and relaxed. This takes time. However, it can be done, and you can have success. The principles of counterconditioning and desensitization are what you will employ to be able to teach your dog to be calm and relaxed during fireworks.

Counterconditioning is just a fancy word that means pairing something positive and something the dog likes a lot with something the dog does not like, such as the sound of fireworks.  Over time gradually and systematically playing the sound of fireworks at very low volumes and pairing them with high-value food rewards is part of this process. You can’t go quicker than the dog’s ability to get comfortable with the volume level you are trying to desensitize. This is something that can take weeks or months to accomplish. Counterconditioning and desensitization need to be done three to five times a week. When you are doing counter-conditioning and desensitization work, you will do this for 10 to 15 minutes. It is best to have more than one 10 to 15 minutes desensitization training session in a day.  Below is a video (All Audio) with instructions on desensitizing and counter-conditioning the fear of fireworks and 10 hours of recorded fireworks sound.

Dogs and Fireworks: How to Keep Your Dog Calm During Fireworks Anxiety with Anxiety Medication for Dogs

If you do not have time before either New Years or the 4th of July and fireworks to be able to counterconditioning and desensitize your dog, there are still some things you can do to help keep your dog safe and calm during fireworks and help with your dog’s anxiety.  One option is to contact your dog’s veterinarian and have them prescribe medication for your dog to help keep it calm and relaxed on New Years or the 4th of July. With some dogs, their fears and phobias of loud sounds, such as fireworks, will be so severe that they will definitely need medication. Only with long-term counterconditioning and desensitization will these dogs with the most severe fears and phobias of sounds such as fireworks will get better without medication. That by no means is saying that every dog with anxiety and a fear of fireworks needs to have medication.

Whether your dog needs medication or not, if New Years or the 4th of July is right around the corner and you have not had the time to fully counter condition and desensitize your dog to teach it to be relaxed and calm when it hears fireworks, there are things you can do on the 4th of July to help ease your dog’s anxiety. If you are able to decrease the volume of the sounds of the loud fireworks, your dog will be calmer. So how can you do that in the home with your dog? Find the quietest place in the house. Typically, that is going to be a clothes closet with many clothes in it. clothes closets are almost soundproof rooms period because of the high volume of cloth and clothing in a closet; it acts as superior sound-dampening material. Most often, it will be the quietest part of your home. During fireworks, you can bring yourself and your dog into the closet and play music on your smartphone, which will also drown out the sound of fireworks. If your dog is not too anxious, you may be able to begin counterconditioning in the closet. Below is a podcast that gives very specific guidelines on how to counter conditions and desensitize your dog to loud noises such as fireworks.

TRY NATURAL CALMING AIDS 

CALM DOGS “The World’s Best Dog Anxiety Calming Aid.”

CALM DOGS "The World's Best Dog Anxiety Calming Aid or Its FREE."

CALM DOGS “The World’s Best Dog Anxiety Calming Aid.” Learn more about how CALM DOGS can help your dog with dog anxiety, fears, phobias, and aggression.

Dogs and Fireworks: How to Keep Your Dog Calm During Fireworks Anxiety Podcast (Full Episode)

By: Will Bangura, M.S., CBCC-KA, CPDT-KA is an Associate Applied Animal Behaviorist and Nationally Certified Behavior Consultant Certified Professional Dog Trainer.  Mr. Bangura is the Phoenix Dog Training owner and a Dog Behaviorist in Phoenix, Arizona. He specializes in treating dogs with severe behavior problems such as canine aggression, anxiety, fears, phobias, and severe separation anxiety in dogs, to name a few.  He also has a National Dog Behaviorist Consulting Business at DogBehaviorist.com

Phoenix Dog Training | Top 10 Dog Training Mistakes

by Will Bangura M.S., CAB-ICB, CBCC-KA, CPDT-KA, FFCP | Certified Dog Behaviorist and Trainer in Phoenix, AZ

A pet parent crouches down to train two dogs on leash in a green park, highlighting common training mistakes pet parents make.

The Top 10 Mistakes Dog Parents Make (And How to Avoid Them)

As a dog trainer and behaviorist with over 35 years of experience, I’ve seen firsthand how well-intentioned dog parents sometimes inadvertently make mistakes that slow down their dog’s progress in training or even contribute to behavioral issues. Living in Phoenix presents its own set of challenges when it comes to training and managing behavior. Whether you’re dealing with the intense heat, busy city life, or simply trying to provide the best care for your dog, avoiding these common mistakes can make all the difference in building a stronger bond with your pet and ensuring they are well-adjusted.

1. Inconsistent Rules and Boundaries

Dogs thrive on consistency. If your dog is allowed on the couch one day but scolded for it the next, this creates confusion. Many pet parents don’t realize how small inconsistencies can undermine their training efforts. It’s essential to establish clear, consistent rules and stick to them. This way, your dog knows what’s expected of them every time. This type of clear communication will prevent behavioral issues down the road and help create a harmonious environment.

2. Relying on Punishment-Based Training

Using punishment to correct bad behavior may seem effective in the short term, but research shows it often leads to long-term problems such as anxiety, aggression, and stress. Dogs trained with aversive methods (such as shock collars or harsh corrections) experience elevated cortisol levels, indicating higher stress. A study published by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) found that dogs trained with reward-based methods exhibited less stress and had a better overall welfare compared to those trained with aversive techniques. Read more about this study here.

Instead of punishment, focus on positive reinforcement by rewarding the behaviors you want to see. This approach leads to better outcomes and a stronger bond between you and your dog. If you’re struggling with your dog’s behavior and considering different training approaches, my dog behaviorist services provide expert guidance to address these issues in a humane and effective way.

3. Expecting Instant Results

Many dog parents become frustrated when their dog doesn’t “get it” right away. Training takes time and patience, especially for puppies who are still developing their cognitive abilities. Rushing the process can lead to setbacks. Training should be seen as an ongoing practice rather than a quick fix. Set small, manageable goals and celebrate incremental progress.

For those struggling with serious behavior problems like aggression, check out my dog aggression training services. Early intervention is crucial in managing these issues effectively.

4. Neglecting Proper Socialization

Proper socialization is key to raising a well-behaved dog. Unfortunately, in Phoenix, the desert heat can make it difficult to get your dog outside for walks and exposure to new environments. Many pet parents tend to keep their dogs indoors during the hotter months, which can lead to missed socialization opportunities. Remember that socialization isn’t just about meeting other dogs—it’s about exposure to various people, places, and sounds.

If you need help managing socialization in a safe and controlled way, I offer comprehensive dog anxiety training services to help dogs cope with anxiety-inducing situations.

5. Ignoring the Impact of Phoenix’s Climate

Phoenix’s desert climate presents unique challenges for dog training. Walking or training during the middle of the day can lead to heat exhaustion, dehydration, or other health issues for your dog. Not to mention, hot pavement can cause burns on your dog’s paws. It’s critical to plan training sessions during cooler parts of the day, such as early mornings or late evenings.

Hydration is also essential. Always bring water for your dog and ensure you’re not pushing them too hard during training in hot weather. By taking these factors into account, you’ll see better results and ensure your dog stays healthy.

6. Overusing Treats During Training

Treats are an excellent tool for positive reinforcement, but over-reliance can lead to problems. Some dogs may refuse to obey commands unless they see a treat in hand. Others might gain excess weight due to constant snacking during training.

To avoid this, gradually phase out treats once your dog is consistently performing desired behaviors. Start rewarding with verbal praise, affection, or playtime as an alternative. By diversifying rewards, you can avoid creating a dependency on treats while keeping training effective.

7. Not Crating Correctly

Many dog parents misunderstand the purpose of crating. Crates are not meant to be a punishment; rather, they offer your dog a safe, secure space to relax. If you introduce the crate properly, your dog will view it as a den where they can retreat when they need downtime. Crating can also help with separation anxiety and prevent destructive behaviors when you’re not home.

If your dog has issues with separation anxiety or destructive behavior when crated, my dog behaviorist services can help develop a plan that works for you.

8. Failing to Address Anxiety Early

Many pet parents underestimate the severity of anxiety in dogs. From seemingly minor behaviors like pacing or whining to full-blown panic attacks, anxiety can seriously affect your dog’s quality of life. Left unchecked, it can lead to more severe issues like aggression or destructive behaviors. Early intervention is critical to managing anxiety.

If you notice any signs of anxiety in your dog, my dog anxiety training programs in Phoenix and Scottsdale can help you get your dog back on track.

9. Skipping Mental Enrichment

While physical exercise is important, mental stimulation is just as crucial for your dog’s overall well-being. Many pet parents don’t provide enough mental enrichment for their dogs, leading to boredom and behavioral problems. Puzzle toys, scent games, and interactive training sessions can help keep your dog mentally sharp and engaged.

During the hot Phoenix summers, when outdoor activities may be limited, make sure you’re incorporating mentally challenging games indoors to keep your dog from becoming restless or destructive.

10. Not Seeking Professional Help

One of the biggest mistakes I see is pet parents waiting too long to seek help for behavioral issues. Whether it’s aggression, anxiety, or other problematic behaviors, the longer these issues go unaddressed, the harder they are to fix. Don’t hesitate to contact a professional when needed.

I specialize in resolving complex behavior issues, including dog aggression and anxiety. If you’re struggling, reach out today through my contact page for a consultation.

Why This Matters for Phoenix Dog Parents

Dog training isn’t just about teaching basic obedience—it’s about fostering a lifelong bond between you and your dog. Avoiding these common mistakes will help ensure your dog remains well-behaved, happy, and healthy throughout their life. Phoenix dog parents have unique challenges with the desert heat and bustling city life, but with the right approach, your dog can thrive.

For more expert guidance, check out the American Veterinary Society of Animal Behavior’s position statements on humane training methods. Additionally, this scholarly article provides in-depth research on how aversive-based training methods negatively affect dog welfare.

Ready to get started on a personalized training plan? Visit my homepage or schedule a consultation today!

Effective Solutions for Intra-Dog Aggression in Phoenix, AZ: Expert Tips and Training

by Will Bangura M.S., CAB-ICB, CBCC-KA, CPDT-KA, FFCP | Certified Dog Behaviorist and Trainer in Phoenix, AZ

Two dogs in the same home engaged in a fight

Understanding and Managing Intra-Dog Aggression in Phoenix, AZ

Intra-dog aggression, where two or more dogs in the same home engage in fights, can be a distressing and dangerous issue for pet parents. In Phoenix, AZ, where the climate and urban setting can contribute to stress and behavioral issues in dogs, understanding and managing intra-dog aggression is crucial for maintaining a harmonious household.

What is Intra-Dog Aggression?

Intra-dog aggression occurs when two or more dogs in the same household engage in aggressive behaviors toward each other. This can manifest as growling, snarling, snapping, or full-blown fights. Unlike inter-dog aggression, which involves conflicts between unfamiliar dogs, intra-dog aggression involves dogs that live together and share resources such as space, food, and attention from their pet parents.

Causes of Intra-Dog Aggression

Understanding the root causes of intra-dog aggression is the first step in addressing this issue. Common causes include:

  • Resource Guarding: Competition over food, toys, or attention from pet parents can trigger aggression.
  • Hierarchical Conflicts: Dogs have a natural social hierarchy, and disputes over dominance can lead to fights.
  • Stress and Anxiety: Changes in the household, such as the addition of a new pet or a move, can cause stress and lead to aggressive behavior.
  • Medical Issues: Pain or illness can cause a normally docile dog to become aggressive.

Preventing Intra-Dog Aggression

Preventing intra-dog aggression involves proactive measures and careful management of the dogs’ environment and interactions. Here are some tips:

  1. Proper Introduction: When bringing a new dog into the home, ensure a gradual and controlled introduction process.
  2. Resource Management: Provide separate feeding areas, toys, and sleeping spaces to minimize competition.
  3. Training and Socialization: Regular training and socialization can help dogs understand appropriate behavior and build positive associations.
  4. Consistent Routine: Maintain a consistent daily routine to reduce stress and anxiety in dogs.
  5. Professional Guidance: Consulting a dog behaviorist in Phoenix can provide personalized strategies for preventing and managing aggression.

Managing and Treating Intra-Dog Aggression

If intra-dog aggression has already manifested, it’s essential to take immediate and effective action to prevent injuries and restore peace in the home. Here are steps to manage and treat aggression: There is Dog Training in Phoenix that can help with this.

  1. Assessment by a Professional: A certified dog aggression trainer in Phoenix can conduct a thorough assessment to identify triggers and underlying causes.
  2. Behavior Modification: Implementing behavior modification techniques, such as counter-conditioning and desensitization, can help change the dogs’ responses to triggers.
  3. Medication: In some cases, medication prescribed by a veterinarian may be necessary to manage underlying anxiety or medical conditions contributing to aggression.
  4. Environmental Management: Ensure a safe environment by using barriers or crates when necessary to prevent fights.
  5. Ongoing Training: Consistent, positive reinforcement training is crucial for long-term success in managing intra-dog aggression.

Finding the Right Dog Aggression Training Help in Phoenix, AZ

For pet parents in Phoenix, finding the right professional help is essential in managing intra-dog aggression. Look for a certified dog behaviorist in Phoenix or a dog aggression trainer in Phoenix with experience in dealing with complex behavioral issues. A professional can provide tailored advice and support to help you and your dogs live harmoniously.

Conclusion

Intra-dog aggression can be a challenging and stressful issue for pet parents, but with the right understanding, prevention strategies, and professional help, it is possible to manage and reduce aggressive behaviors. By implementing the tips and techniques outlined in this guide and seeking the assistance of a qualified dog behaviorist or dog aggression trainer in Phoenix, you can create a safer and more peaceful home for you and your dogs.

For more information and professional support, contact a certified dog behaviorist in Phoenix, AZ, today.

Call: 602-769-1411

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Helping Your Dog Cope with Fireworks: Tips for a Stress-Free 4th of July

by Will Bangura M.S., CAB-ICB, CBCC-KA, CPDT-KA, FFCP | Certified Dog Behaviorist and Trainer in Phoenix, AZ

How to Help Your Dog Relax With 4Th of July Fireworks

Helping Your Dog Cope with Fireworks on the 4th of July

Fireworks are a common source of anxiety for many dogs, especially during the 4th of July celebrations. Loud noises, bright lights, and the general commotion can be overwhelming for our furry friends. Here are some effective, detailed strategies to help your dog cope with fireworks and ensure a stress-free holiday.

Create a Safe Space

Designate a Safe Haven: Identify a quiet, comfortable area in your home where your dog can retreat during fireworks. This space should be away from windows and loud noises. Equip it with your dog’s favorite toys, a cozy bed, and perhaps a piece of your clothing to provide comfort. Consider using a crate if your dog finds it comforting, as it can act as a secure den.

Soundproofing Tips: Use heavy curtains or blankets to muffle the noise. You can also use furniture and pillows to further insulate the space. Adding white noise from a fan or an air purifier can help drown out the sound of fireworks.

Desensitization and Counterconditioning

Sound Training: Start desensitizing your dog to the sounds of fireworks weeks before the 4th of July. Play recordings of fireworks at a low volume while engaging your dog in a positive activity, such as playing or giving treats. Gradually increase the volume over time as your dog becomes more accustomed to the noise. Ensure that each session ends on a positive note to avoid creating additional stress. You can listen to a podcast that gives step-by-step instructions on how to desensitize your dog to the sound of fireworks along with having the actual sounds of fireworks recorded for you. 

Pair with Positive Experiences: Whenever fireworks are playing in the background, offer high-value treats or engage in play sessions. The goal is to create a positive association with the sound of fireworks.

Use Calming Aids

Natural Calming Aids: Consider using natural calming aids such as pheromone diffusers (like Adaptil), calming collars, or supplements like CALM DOGS. These can help reduce anxiety and promote relaxation. Always consult with your veterinarian before introducing new supplements.

Thundershirt

Pressure Therapy: The Thundershirt is a snug garment that applies gentle, constant pressure to your dog’s body, similar to swaddling an infant. This pressure has a calming effect and can help reduce anxiety during fireworks. Make sure to introduce the Thundershirt to your dog before the 4th of July to ensure they are comfortable wearing it.

Dog Appeasing Pheromone (DAP)

Pheromone Diffusers: Dog appeasing pheromones, such as Adaptil, mimic the calming pheromones released by nursing mother dogs. These diffusers can be plugged into an outlet near your dog’s safe space to create a calming environment. Pheromone collars are also available and can provide continuous comfort.

Maintain a Calm Demeanor

Stay Calm: Dogs can pick up on their pet parents’ emotions. Stay calm and composed during fireworks to help your dog feel more secure. Avoid overly comforting your dog, as this may reinforce fearful behavior. Instead, engage in normal activities and provide distractions with toys or treats.

Exercise and Mental Stimulation

Physical Exercise: Ensure your dog gets plenty of physical exercise earlier in the day. Activities like a long walk, a game of fetch, or a visit to the dog park can help expend energy and reduce anxiety.

Mental Stimulation: Engage your dog in mentally stimulating activities, such as puzzle toys, training sessions, or interactive games. A tired and mentally stimulated dog is more likely to remain calm during fireworks.

Background Noise

Sound Masking: Play calming music or turn on the TV to help drown out the sound of fireworks. White noise machines can also be effective in masking the sudden loud noises that can startle your dog.

Stay Home

Be Present: If possible, stay home with your dog during fireworks. Your presence can be a great source of comfort. If you need to leave, make sure your dog is in a safe, secure area and consider having someone they know stay with them.

Consult with Your Veterinarian

Professional Guidance: For dogs with severe fears and phobias, consult your veterinarian about possible anti-anxiety medications. Your vet can prescribe medications that can help manage your dog’s anxiety more effectively during fireworks. It’s crucial to discuss any potential side effects and to understand the appropriate dosage for your dog’s specific needs.

Consider Professional Help

Professional Assistance: If your dog’s fear of fireworks is severe, consult a professional dog behaviorist in Phoenix. They can develop a tailored behavior modification plan and provide additional support and strategies.

By preparing in advance and implementing these comprehensive strategies, you can help your dog cope with the anxiety caused by fireworks. Ensuring your dog feels safe and secure during the 4th of July celebrations can make the holiday more enjoyable for both you and your furry friend. If you need further assistance, don’t hesitate to contact us at Phoenix Dog Training for professional guidance and support.

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